Fridays are paydays Edgardo Villatoro - and also for the company where he works, port services XPO.
Villatoro, 54, for tires and area ports furniture Stations in Los Angeles Driving is paid. But in return he must compensate the company a truck parking, car insurance rent and maintenance. Also purchase diesel fuel.
These expenses, which says Villatoro hovering around $ 900 per week, sometimes "negative check" to leave him with a.
"I tell [my wife], 'Look, the work was slow We have to buy much food we have some savings, and we have to spend on food that week..." "
Welcome to Boom - world of shadows Labour - and largely unregulated.
Villatoro is one of the 12.5 million people who are independent contractors are considered, a group that has grown in the past decade and now accounts for 8.4% of the active population of the United States, according to a new study by economists the universities of Harvard and Princeton. Nearly 3 million Americans was from 2005 to 2015, the study found independently.
For people who are not technically independent employees who do not have the raft of worker protection, almost all true. This allows independent contractors in the pressure wave to improve the wages - the last example, the minimum wage of $ 15 per hour, which is about to be law in California and New York.
"Raising the minimum wage is very important, but it should not divert attention from the other question, namely: what we do with cracking the place of the traditional American work," said Seth Harris, former secretary of the Department of Labor US.
The "Concert of the economy" has home sharing applications become synonymous with the way many Americans have changed travel with Call-ride and radial cable. But new research from the Harvard economist Lawrence Katz and Alan Krueger Princeton economist suggests that the vast majority of contract workers do not respond to Internet companies.
Less than 0.5% of the active population works online through an intermediary such as Uber and Airbnb, found Katz and Krueger. Most entrepreneurs do other freelance jobs in areas such as sales, home care or construction.
In these arrangements, the assumption that the workers for the sake of flexibility, a safety net to sacrifice. Independent workers are not entitled to compensation, workers' health or unemployment insurance, or the minimum wage. In return, they are their own bosses.
In the case of Brande joy is that control a matter of degree.
66 Brande, spends about 15 hours a week training for Uber. You can not choose to go for a walk when he knows that "the drunk kids" will be the main clientele and can simply disable the application when you feel burned.
But if it is online, and takes no more than 80% of the trips, the company sent him a text strongly suggested to accept a larger share encouraging. Uber also sets rates for each of its towers and monitors its memorandum to the customers of the broker.
Harris explained that the federal law operator treats "should be able as an independent company, their own compact to negotiate individual through negotiations with other companies."
The problem is that many people call contractor for the companies that they really do not pay full autonomy.
In fact, one of the main unionist strategies to extend protection workers contract is to be an employee.
"The port truck drivers across America misclassified as independent contractors," said Barb Maynard, spokesman for the truck driver. Approximately 65% of drivers do not properly characterized as an employee, according to a study in 2014 by the nonprofit National Employment Law Project.
Villatoro said driver is usually at home over $ 800 for 70 hours a week, less cost, equivalent to about $ 11.40 per hour. The weeks when their costs, do not exceed their profits, but the residents of South Central Los Angeles has no cure. Entrepreneurs can not unionize.
XPO Logistics, the parent company of the transport company, said in an e-mail that he with its pilots and consulted "know the vast majority of them the main advantages to appreciate who can work independently to bring. This model is good for XPO" ,
Haulage were met with complaints and claims, conducting state labor commissioner million in additional payment request are misclassified by the office.
In December, the Commissioner Pacific office located 9 Transport 38 drivers nearly $ 7,000,000 to pay wages in the back.
Since 2012, the Office of the Commissioner received 720 complaints from truckers, and he decided in three cases, the 100 riders so far.
The attack took a toll on some companies. Exclusive Transportation Services Inc., one of the largest transport companies in Southern California bankruptcy filed after March $ 4,000,000 in claims and lawsuits misclassification of workers lose.
In June, a jury arguments in a suit of Uber drivers based in California, the should listen accommodated say the company, treat them as employees, rather than independent workers. Uber lost the driver freedom when they change their status.
In July, to go forward in an effort to avoid class action, presented certificates About 400 drivers in the state, which confirms that they work for themselves, would prefer.
This action class "would destroy the very independence and flexibility that a number of riders like Uber," the company in a court filing said.
resorting instead to employees of contractors, some lawmakers have first tried to make, it is more convenient, an independent contractor.
Assemblywoman Lorena Gonzalez (D-San Diego) has introduced a bill introduced last month that would give the right independent workers to collective bargaining of wages and other benefits. Seattle took a similar law, allowed to organize the drivers and Uber LYFT, in December.
Business groups repel. The Chamber of Commerce of the United States continued last month after Seattle and said, contradicts the relocation federal regulations. Trade Bar Association said the law would "undermine the flexibility, efficiency and the choice that accompanies the rules of the independent drivers."
Brande, estimates Uber driver flexibility.
Costa Mesa resident also has a part-time job as a cashier at TJ Maxx, to pay the minimum wage, but does not come with benefits. high to him admonishing for not taking good notes about a returned item, Brande said. It follows a very specific protocol for ring products followed and should made a colleague for some small errors in the registry to consult.
"If I had more money to do but I could understand why they are so demanding," Brande "said, but this is a minimum wage job, so that it is screwed to.
"I love Uber better because no one is there to say:" Oh, you should do so. "I like the freedom really."
natalie.kitroeff@latimes.com
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